共产主义:为人民服务的宗教
共产主义:为人民服务的宗教
-为纪念毛主席诞辰126年而作
Communism: The Religion of Serving the People
-For the 126th birthday of Chairman Mao
(此文写于2019年12月26日,现增补更新存于“刘力群文存”)
今天(2019年12月26日)是毛主席诞辰126年纪念日,恰好,我在翻阅美国著名作家、中国人民的老朋友安娜·路易斯·斯特朗的《中国人民的胜利》(The Chinese Conquer China, 1949年纽约出版)一书,其中“毛泽东”一小节除了详细记录了毛泽东关于“一切反动派都是纸老虎”的谈话外,还记述了斯特朗自己1946年在延安听到的一个小故事,讲述了毛泽东与一个西方宗教徒就共产主义是科学还是宗教的讨论。我全文引述斯特朗在书中的文字如下:
毛作为一个诗人、精通各种哲学的学者和马克思主义者,他具有对语言文字的特殊敏感,因而能够回答其他共产党所不能回答的各种问题。经常为毛担任翻译工作的余编辑告诉我,有一个美国人从老远跑到延安,想向毛证明共产主义是一种宗教。他曾经在南京同周恩来和其他人为此进行过争论。他们对他说,“不,共产主义是科学”。他对此颇不满意,因而溯本寻源,来到延安。
当汽车颠簸着开过延河的时候,这位宗教徒对余编辑夸口说,“你将会看到我是怎样说服你们的主席的。”
这次对毛的“说服”只花了十五分钟。来访者在阐明自己的观点以后,停下来换了一口气。毛并没有同他进行争论,却回答说,“如果你愿意,可以称之为宗教--为人民服务的宗教。”世界各地的马克思主义者很少有人说这样的话,毛本人在党内辩论时也不会用这样的字眼。但是他知道什么时候就定义进行争论是有益的,什么时候是无益的。他懂得一个单词具有的多种有人情味的含义。这位宗教徒带着毛的崭新的口号高高兴兴地回去了。毛使用了对方能够理解的语言,向他指明了一个目标。
(《斯特朗文集》第三卷,第260页,新华出版社,1988年3月)
如果说共产主义是一种宗教,那就是“为人民服务的宗教”,这就是毛泽东诙谐、睿智、又不无深邃的对共产主义的阐述。
今天,在缅怀毛主席的日子,让我们记住这个小故事,记住老人家一生把“为人民服务”当做自己的信念、信仰和崇高追求吧! (2019年12月26日)
为了让懂英文的读者更透彻地了解安娜·路易斯·斯特朗(Anna Louis Strong,1885-1970)说的这个小故事,我将英文原文附录如下:
Mao’s sense of words, which he feels both as a poet, a student of many philosophies, and a Marxist, enables him to satisfy many inquirers whom other Communists have disappointed. Editor Yu, who had often acted as Mao's interpreter, told me of the American who came all the way to Yenan to prove to Mao that Communism is a religion. He had argued it in Nanking with Chou En-lai and others, who told him: "No, it is a science.” Unsatisfied, he sought the fountainhead.
The pilgrim bragged to Yu as they jolted over Yen River: "You'll see how I’ll convince your chairman."
The "convincing" of Mao took only fifteen minutes. The visitor expounded his views and paused for breath. Instead of arguing, Mao replied: "You can call it a religion if you like, the religion of serving the people.” Few Marxists anywhere in the world would have made that remark; Mao himself would hardly use it in a party debate. But he knows when it is useful to argue over definitions and when it is not. He knows the many human meanings that may exist in a single word. The pilgrim went home delighted with his brand-new slogan. Mao had set him a goal in words he knew.
